On Tuesday, San Mateo, California-based start-up Alef announced that Federal Aviation Authority (FAA) had approved its Model A flying car, making it the first vehicle to receive approval for use in the U.S.

But aside from the futuristic, silver bodywork, the aeronautical automobile doesn’t have The Man With The Golden Gun-style wings attached to its sides, nor rotating rockets in its hub caps, per Back to the Future. So how does it take off?
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During a video-recorded presentation in October last year, Jim Dukhovny, Alef CEO, who has a background in software engineering, claimed that the company had been conducting flights since 2018 and that the car had an aerial range of 110 miles.

The Physics Behind Flying Cars: Overcoming Air Pressure and Wing Size Constraints

“There is a reason we don’t have flying cars today; it is because it is impossible,” he teased the audience. “Why? The laws of physics. In order to fly, you need an air pressure under the wing to be more than [the] air pressure over the wing… Hence, you need a large wing area.” Consequently, this is how modern airplanes operate: Large wings on the side of the craft are shaped to push air underneath them with less air travelling over the top. This difference in air pressure creates lift, allowing an aircraft with enough speed to take flight.

Furthermore,ALEF the wings need to be proportionate to the weight of the vehicle they are lifting. And, as Dukhovny noted, a flying car “also needs to be skinny enough to fit in your driveway.” Driving down the freeway with wings stretching out a few meters on either side of the vehicle may cause more than a few fender-benders.

In addition, another hurdle is the shape of the car itself, which “acts as a breaker of the airflow,” the University of California, Berkeley, and Stanford University graduate said, adding that cars were “one of the most horrible designs for flying.”

While many new cars are designed to have aerodynamic bodywork, research suggests that the average wedge-shaped car has a drag coefficient—the amount of friction resistance relative to its velocity—of between 0.3 and 0.4. By comparison, a Boeing 747 has a drag coefficient of 0.024.

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